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65_Conv2d_AvgPool_Sigmoid_Sumblock512_conv_pool_sigsum_edit_1

Level 2 • Task 65
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F


def module_fn(
    x: torch.Tensor,
    conv_weight: torch.Tensor,
    conv_bias: torch.Tensor,
) -> torch.Tensor:
    """
    Performs convolution, average pooling, applies sigmoid, and sums the result.

    Args:
        x (torch.Tensor): Input tensor of shape (batch_size, in_channels, height, width)
        conv_weight (torch.Tensor): Convolution weights of shape (out_channels, in_channels, kernel_size, kernel_size)
        conv_bias (torch.Tensor): Convolution bias of shape (out_channels)

    Returns:
        torch.Tensor: Output tensor of shape (batch_size,) containing summed values
    """
    x = F.conv2d(x, conv_weight, bias=conv_bias)
    x = F.avg_pool2d(x, pool_kernel_size)
    x = torch.sigmoid(x)
    x = torch.sum(x, dim=[1, 2, 3])
    return x


class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    This model performs a convolution, average pooling, applies sigmoid, and sums the result.
    """

    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, pool_kernel_size):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
        self.conv_weight = nn.Parameter(conv.weight)
        self.conv_bias = nn.Parameter(conv.bias)

    def forward(self, x, fn=module_fn):
        return fn(x, self.conv_weight, self.conv_bias)


batch_size = 128
in_channels = 3
out_channels = 16
height, width = 32, 32
kernel_size = 3
pool_kernel_size = 2


def get_inputs():
    return [torch.randn(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]


def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, pool_kernel_size]
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

class Model(nn.Module):
    """
    This model performs a convolution, average pooling, applies sigmoid, and sums the result.
    """
    def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, pool_kernel_size):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size)
        self.avg_pool = nn.AvgPool2d(pool_kernel_size)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv(x)
        x = self.avg_pool(x)
        x = torch.sigmoid(x)
        x = torch.sum(x, dim=[1,2,3]) # Sum over all spatial dimensions
        return x

batch_size = 128
in_channels = 3
out_channels = 16
height, width = 32, 32
kernel_size = 3
pool_kernel_size = 2

def get_inputs():
    return [torch.randn(batch_size, in_channels, height, width)]

def get_init_inputs():
    return [in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size, pool_kernel_size]

Kernel Information

Related Kernels (Level 2, Task 65 • 65_Conv2d_AvgPool_Sigmoid_Sum)

#include <torch/extension.h>
#include <cuda.h>
#include <cuda_runtime.h>
#include <vector>

#define BLOCK_SIZE 512
#define POOL_SIZE 2

__global__ void conv_pool_sigmoid_sum_kernel(
    const float* __restrict__ input,
    const float* __restrict__ weight,
    const float* __restrict__ bias, 
    float* __restrict__ output,
    const int batch_size,
    const int in_channels,
    const int out_channels,
    const int height,
    const int width,
    const int kernel_size
) {
    __shared__ float shared_mem[BLOCK_SIZE/32]; // Reduced shared memory footprint

    const int tid = threadIdx.x;
    const int bid = blockIdx.x;
    if (bid >= batch_size) return;

    const int out_h = height - kernel_size + 1;
    const int out_w = width - kernel_size + 1;
    const int pool_h = out_h / POOL_SIZE;
    const int pool_w = out_w / POOL_SIZE;
    const int total_work = out_channels * pool_h * pool_w;

    const float pool_scale = 1.0f / (POOL_SIZE * POOL_SIZE);
    float thread_sum = 0.0f;

    // Increased parallelism with larger block size
    for (int idx = tid; idx < total_work; idx += BLOCK_SIZE) {
        const int oc = idx / (pool_h * pool_w);
        const int ph = idx % (pool_h * pool_w);
        const int pool_row = (ph / pool_w) * POOL_SIZE;
        const int pool_col = (ph % pool_w) * POOL_SIZE;
        
        float conv_val = bias[oc];

        #pragma unroll 8
        for (int ic = 0; ic < in_channels; ++ic) {
            #pragma unroll
            for (int kh = 0; kh < kernel_size; ++kh) {
                const int h_in = pool_row + kh;
                const float* input_row = &input[((bid * in_channels + ic) * height + h_in) * width];
                const float* weight_row = &weight[((oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + kh) * kernel_size];
                
                #pragma unroll
                for (int kw = 0; kw < 3; ++kw) {
                    conv_val = __fmaf_rn(input_row[pool_col + kw], weight_row[kw], conv_val);
                }
            }
        }

        conv_val *= pool_scale;        
        thread_sum += __fdividef(1.0f, (1.0f + __expf(-conv_val)));
    }

    // Efficient 512-thread reduction hierarchy
    for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2)
        thread_sum += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, thread_sum, offset);

    // Warp leaders store to shared memory
    if (tid % 32 == 0)
        shared_mem[tid/32] = thread_sum;

    __syncthreads();

    // Final reduction across warps
    if (tid < 32) {
        thread_sum = tid < (BLOCK_SIZE/32) ? shared_mem[tid] : 0.0f;
        for (int offset = 16; offset > 0; offset /= 2)
            thread_sum += __shfl_down_sync(0xffffffff, thread_sum, offset);

        if (tid == 0)
            output[bid] = thread_sum;
    }
}

torch::Tensor forward(
    torch::Tensor input,
    torch::Tensor weight,
    torch::Tensor bias
) {
    const int batch_size = input.size(0);
    const int in_channels = input.size(1);
    const int height = input.size(2);
    const int width = input.size(3);
    const int out_channels = weight.size(0);
    const int kernel_size = weight.size(2);

    auto output = torch::empty({batch_size}, input.options());

    conv_pool_sigmoid_sum_kernel<<<batch_size, BLOCK_SIZE, (BLOCK_SIZE/32)*sizeof(float)>>>(
        input.data_ptr<float>(),
        weight.data_ptr<float>(),
        bias.data_ptr<float>(),
        output.data_ptr<float>(),
        batch_size,
        in_channels,
        out_channels,
        height,
        width,
        kernel_size
    );

    return output;
}

PYBIND11_MODULE(TORCH_EXTENSION_NAME, m) {
    m.def("forward", &forward, "BLOCK512 Conv+Pool+Sigmoid+Sum");
}
Performance Metrics
Metric Value Unit Variance Samples
Executed Ipc Active 1.768 inst/cycle 0.000 5
Executed Ipc Elapsed 1.416 inst/cycle 0.000 5
Issue Slots Busy 44.288 % 0.086 5
Issued Ipc Active 1.772 inst/cycle 0.000 5
SM Busy 44.288 % 0.086 5
Memory Throughput 99634575828.330 byte/second 281491879705090880.000 5
Mem Busy 49.664 % 0.092 5
Max Bandwidth 25.974 % 0.026 5
L1/TEX Hit Rate 98.650 % 0.000 5
L2 Hit Rate 47.258 % 0.108 5
Mem Pipes Busy 25.108 % 0.024 5
Warp Cycles Per Issued Instruction 8.850 cycle 0.000 5
Warp Cycles Per Executed Instruction 8.880 cycle 0.000 5
Avg. Active Threads Per Warp 31.860 0.000 5
Avg. Not Predicated Off Threads Per Warp 29.800 0.000 5
Max Active Clusters 0.000 cluster 0.000 5
Max Cluster Size 8.000 block 0.000 5
Overall GPU Occupancy 0.000 % 0.000 5
Cluster Occupancy 0.000 % 0.000 5
Block Limit SM 32.000 block 0.000 5
Block Limit Registers 3.000 block 0.000 5
Block Limit Shared Mem 7.000 block 0.000 5
Block Limit Warps 4.000 block 0.000 5
Theoretical Active Warps per SM 48.000 warp 0.000 5
Theoretical Occupancy 75.000 % 0.000 5
Achieved Occupancy 24.696 % 0.000 5
Achieved Active Warps Per SM 15.806 warp 0.000 5
Analysis Rules
Rule Description
INF HighPipeUtilization ALU is the highest-utilized pipeline (34.6%) based on active cycles, taking into account the rates of its different instructions. It executes integer and logic operations. It is well-utilized, but should not be a bottleneck.
INF CPIStall Check the Warp Stall Sampling (All Cycles) table for the top stall locations in your source based on sampling data. The Kernel Profiling Guide (https://docs.nvidia.com/nsight-compute/ProfilingGuide/index.html#metrics-reference) provides more details on each stall reason.
WRN Occupancy This kernel's theoretical occupancy (75.0%) is limited by the number of required registers. The difference between calculated theoretical (75.0%) and measured achieved occupancy (24.7%) can be the result of warp scheduling overheads or workload imbalances during the kernel execution. Load imbalances can occur between warps within a block as well as across blocks of the same kernel. See the CUDA Best Practices Guide (https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-best-practices-guide/index.html#occupancy) for more details on optimizing occupancy.
Operation / Metric Value Unit
aten::to
CPU Time 175896.16 μs
Device Time 80.51 μs
Self CPU Time 52.86 μs
Self Device Time 0.00 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
aten::_to_copy
CPU Time 175843.31 μs
Device Time 80.51 μs
Self CPU Time 106.17 μs
Self Device Time 0.00 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
aten::empty_strided
CPU Time 175410.85 μs
Device Time 0.00 μs
Self CPU Time 108.46 μs
Self Device Time 0.00 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
cudaDeviceGetStreamPriorityRange
CPU Time 174913.81 μs
Device Time 0.00 μs
Self CPU Time 174913.81 μs
Self Device Time 0.00 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
cudaLaunchKernel
CPU Time 504365.89 μs
Device Time 16222.81 μs
Self CPU Time 504365.89 μs
Self Device Time 16222.81 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
conv_pool_sigmoid_sum_kernel(float const*, float const*, float const*, float*, int, int, int, int, int, int)
CPU Time 0.00 μs
Device Time 93967.68 μs
Self CPU Time 0.00 μs
Self Device Time 93967.68 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
cudaEventRecord
CPU Time 15988.32 μs
Device Time 31249.14 μs
Self CPU Time 15988.32 μs
Self Device Time 31249.14 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
aten::zero_
CPU Time 75735.71 μs
Device Time 584120.13 μs
Self CPU Time 13899.42 μs
Self Device Time 0.00 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
aten::fill_
CPU Time 61838.06 μs
Device Time 584120.13 μs
Self CPU Time 16530.79 μs
Self Device Time 584120.13 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
void at::native::vectorized_elementwise_kernel<4, at::native::FillFunctor<int>, at::detail::Array<char*, 1> >(int, at::native::FillFunctor<int>, at::detail::Array<char*, 1>)
CPU Time 0.00 μs
Device Time 584120.13 μs
Self CPU Time 0.00 μs
Self Device Time 584120.13 μs
CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Device Memory Usage 0 B
Self CPU Memory Usage 0 B
Self Device Memory Usage 0 B
Status: Completed
45291 warnings generated when compiling for host.
Suppressed 45323 warnings (45276 in non-user code, 47 NOLINT).
Use -header-filter=.* to display errors from all non-system headers. Use -system-headers to display errors from system headers as well.
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:10:5 bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters
10 | const float* __restrict__ input,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
11 | const float* __restrict__ weight,
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
12 | const float* __restrict__ bias,
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:10:31: note: the first parameter in the range is 'input'
10 | const float* __restrict__ input,
| ^~~~~
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:12:31: note: the last parameter in the range is 'bias'
12 | const float* __restrict__ bias,
| ^~~~
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:14:5: warning: 3 adjacent parameters of 'conv_pool_sigmoid_sum_kernel' of similar type ('const int') are easily swapped by mistake [bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters]
14 | const int batch_size,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
15 | const int in_channels,
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
16 | const int out_channels,
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:14:15: note: the first parameter in the range is 'batch_size'
14 | const int batch_size,
| ^~~~~~~~~~
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:16:15: note: the last parameter in the range is 'out_channels'
16 | const int out_channels,
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:23:21: warning: narrowing conversion from 'unsigned int' to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
23 | const int tid = threadIdx.x;
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:24:21: warning: narrowing conversion from 'unsigned int' to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
24 | const int bid = blockIdx.x;
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:50:43: warning: result of multiplication in type 'int' is used as a pointer offset after an implicit widening conversion to type 'ptrdiff_t' [bugprone-implicit-widening-of-multiplication-result]
50 | const float* input_row = &input[((bid * in_channels + ic) * height + h_in) * width];
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:50:49: note: make conversion explicit to silence this warning
4 | const float* input_row = &input[((bid * in_channels + ic) * height + h_in) * width];
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| static_cast<ptrdiff_t>( )
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:50:49: note: perform multiplication in a wider type
50 | const float* input_row = &input[((bid * in_channels + ic) * height + h_in) * width];
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| static_cast<ptrdiff_t>( )
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:51:44: warning: result of multiplication in type 'int' is used as a pointer offset after an implicit widening conversion to type 'ptrdiff_t' [bugprone-implicit-widening-of-multiplication-result]
51 | const float* weight_row = &weight[((oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + kh) * kernel_size];
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:51:51: note: make conversion explicit to silence this warning
51 | const float* weight_row = &weight[((oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + kh) * kernel_size];
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| static_cast<ptrdiff_t>( )
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:51:51: note: perform multiplication in a wider type
51 | const float* weight_row = &weight[((oc * in_channels + ic) * kernel_size + kh) * kernel_size];
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| static_cast<ptrdiff_t>( )
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:86:19: warning: the parameter 'input' is copied for each invocation but only used as a const reference; consider making it a const reference [performance-unnecessary-value-param]
86 | torch::Tensor input,
| ^
| const &
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:87:19: warning: the parameter 'weight' is copied for each invocation but only used as a const reference; consider making it a const reference [performance-unnecessary-value-param]
87 | torch::Tensor weight,
| ^
| const &
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:88:19: warning: the parameter 'bias' is copied for each invocation but only used as a const reference; consider making it a const reference [performance-unnecessary-value-param]
88 | torch::Tensor bias
| ^
| const &
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:90:28: warning: narrowing conversion from 'int64_t' (aka 'long') to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
90 | const int batch_size = input.size(0);
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:91:29: warning: narrowing conversion from 'int64_t' (aka 'long') to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
91 | const int in_channels = input.size(1);
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:92:24: warning: narrowing conversion from 'int64_t' (aka 'long') to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
92 | const int height = input.size(2);
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:93:23: warning: narrowing conversion from 'int64_t' (aka 'long') to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
93 | const int width = input.size(3);
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:94:30: warning: narrowing conversion from 'int64_t' (aka 'long') to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
94 | const int out_channels = weight.size(0);
| ^
/home/robert_sakana_ai/llm_cuda/experiments/20250212_optimize_b5_s4_e1_v2/level_2/task_65/b5_s3_block512_conv_pool_sigsum/edit_1/edit_1.cu:95:29: warning: narrowing conversion from 'int64_t' (aka 'long') to signed type 'int' is implementation-defined [bugprone-narrowing-conversions]
95 | const int kernel_size = weight.size(2);
| ^